high power amateur station down the road wiping out 40m band

cys
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high power amateur station down the road wiping out 40m band

Postby cys » Wed Apr 23, 2025 4:04 am

I'd like to ask for advice and possible solutions with regard to a problem that came up over the past few weeks. There is a 1.5kW station not that far down the road from me that operates on a frequency in the 40m about 45 kHz up from me regularly. His signal is causing artifacts across the entire phone part of the 40m band, and beyond. The entire 40m phone band undulates up and down with static crashes and waves of distortion. I have a .mov file which shows what's going on well, but that doesn't seem to be one of the acceptable attachment file types, so I'm settling on a few stills.

Chris, NU6C

Note added: Since it might not be clear from the images, the signal in question is an SSB signal that itself sounds reasonable when I tune it in.

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ea3aqr
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Re: high power amateur station down the road wiping out 40m band

Postby ea3aqr » Wed Apr 23, 2025 6:29 am

Do you have NB active?, if so turn it off
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w-u-2-o
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Re: high power amateur station down the road wiping out 40m band

Postby w-u-2-o » Wed Apr 23, 2025 4:40 pm

Classic co-channel interference. There's not a lot to be done about it. Cranking some step attenuator in on receive will help a little, but at the expense of weaker signal reception.

It would be interesting to see the entire UI screenshot, with freq's, amplitudes and S-meter shown. And you might consider adjusting your display baseline so that fully half of it is not noise ;)

Another option would be to set up another antenna to use the diversity (really beamforming) feature of the radio. If you can get things arranged so that there is a 20dB antenna pattern null in the direction of your neighbor, that plus 10dB or so of attenuation would make a big dent in things.

I'm not sure how well you know this person. The signal has a lot of IMD (splatter) on it. If you could get him to drive his amp a little less hard that would also help. But, you know, most hams don't feel like they are getting their money's worth unless the power needle stays pinned at 1500W :roll:
cys
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Re: high power amateur station down the road wiping out 40m band

Postby cys » Wed Apr 23, 2025 7:14 pm

w-u-2-o wrote:Classic co-channel interference. There's not a lot to be done about it. Cranking some step attenuator in on receive will help a little, but at the expense of weaker signal reception.

Thanks, this is what I was thinking in terms of interference. I wanted to see what others thought though. I will say that I just watched a Youtube video by Flex Radios Inc and the clear message was that this was not supposed to be possible... based on their simulation.

w-u-2-o wrote:It would be interesting to see the entire UI screenshot, with freq's, amplitudes and S-meter shown. And you might consider adjusting your display baseline so that fully half of it is not noise ;)

The image doesn't connect in any way with what I was doing before the "interference event." I spend time on 40m nets, often before the grayline comes my way in California, trying to pick up strong and weak stations on the east coast under suboptimal band conditions (independent of whether 40m has fully opened on the west coast). To hear stations that are sometimes just imperceptibly above the noise level, I use diversity, NR2, NB2, ANF and SNB. I use headphones. I push the gain beyond what most people do, and what the manual suggests to capture those stations that are barely audible above the noise. I exchanged signal reports under poor band conditions when 40m was not yet fully open on the West coast with someone in Italy a few weeks back; we were 2 by 1 both ways...

I wanted to try and anonymize the initial post. I would however love to show a video so people can really see how crazy the situation is.

w-u-2-o wrote:Another option would be to set up another antenna to use the diversity (really beamforming) feature of the radio. If you can get things arranged so that there is a 20dB antenna pattern null in the direction of your neighbor, that plus 10dB or so of attenuation would make a big dent in things.

My main antenna is a rotatable dipole that can't rotate much at present due to trees. My second sense antenna is an end fed dipole that is orthogonal to my main antenna.

w-u-2-o wrote:I'm not sure how well you know this person. The signal has a lot of IMD (splatter) on it. If you could get him to drive his amp a little less hard that would also help. But, you know, most hams don't feel like they are getting their money's worth unless the power needle stays pinned at 1500W :roll:

I don't know the person at all. I listened to his transmissions long enough to hear his call and then looked him up. By posting here I'm trying to assess how much of the interference is splatter from overdriving his amp and how much is due to how Thetis and the 8000dle deals with a 1.5kW signal half a mile away on the same band. He seems to care about his signal enough to have a detailed QRZ page describing his equipment and antenna, which includes a tower. If I glean from input here that it might be worth approaching the station about the possibility of easing up on the IMD and splatter, then I can do try to do that. No email on QRZ though. Have to send him a letter or knock on his door. Then again I've seen how people respond to simple requests OTA to move their comparatively minor splatter a few kHz away from a net...

All this said, the waves of distortion (artifactual or real) go far beyond the edge of the 40m band.


Added note: I did try putting a 20kHz notch over his immense signal and it didn't help with the interference across the remaining band.
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Re: high power amateur station down the road wiping out 40m band

Postby w-u-2-o » Wed Apr 23, 2025 8:41 pm

cys wrote:Thanks, this is what I was thinking in terms of interference. I wanted to see what others thought though. I will say that I just watched a Youtube video by Flex Radios Inc and the clear message was that this was not supposed to be possible... based on their simulation.

I'm not familiar with that video. Perhaps you could post a link? I suspect whatever Flex is discussing it's not relevant to this problem. Co-channel is co-channel and, if it is bad enough, will cause small signal suppression and non-linearities in nearby receivers.

To hear stations that are sometimes just imperceptibly above the noise level, I use diversity, NR2, NB2, ANF and SNB. I use headphones. I push the gain beyond what most people do, and what the manual suggests to capture those stations that are barely audible above the noise.

I hope you mean you use these DSP features appropriately, not all at once. NR2, NB2 and SNB are all designed for different kinds of noise, and rarely, very rarely, is it the case that more than one of those processing modes is necessary at any one time.

Since you are a low-SNR signal hunter, if band conditions permit, you can obtain a couple of more dB of performance by disabling dither and random features of the ADC (it's in the settings). However, that is absolutely the last thing you should do if there are other large signals on the band. Receiver IIP3 is substantially improved with dither and random both activated. That is why it is the default setting.

My main antenna is a rotatable dipole that can't rotate much at present due to trees. My second sense antenna is an end fed dipole that is orthogonal to my main antenna.

Yes, that's not a well-behaved, easy-to-model, beamforming array like two verticals would be. All I can say is that if it doesn't allow you to tune a null in that station's direction you may want to try something else.

By posting here I'm trying to assess how much of the interference is splatter from overdriving his amp and how much is due to how Thetis and the 8000dle deals with a 1.5kW signal half a mile away on the same band.

This is an impossible scenario for any radio, and the behavior you are observing from your radio (comprised of Thetis and the 8000 hardware) is not at all unreasonable. Switching to another radio will not fix this.

If I glean from input here that it might be worth approaching the station about the possibility of easing up on the IMD and splatter, then I can do try to do that.

That's exactly what I'm suggesting. If this gentleman cares about the quality of his signal perhaps he has a station monitor or oscilloscope. It would be easy to show that his amplifier is being driven into saturation. However, as I wrote previously, that can be a hard sell to a lot of folks. They care about their audio quality but not necessarily their RF quality, and if they don't see that needle or LED pointing to 1500 then it's no good. The reality is that you should rarely see the power go much above 1000W, even on a so-called "peak reading" power meter. The 1500W peaks are just too fast to catch without a scope.

I wonder, however, how does his signal look further away? Have you tried monitoring him on a remote, web-SDR? It might be an interesting bit of data. If it looks bad there then it's not just you.

Added note: I did try putting a 20kHz notch over his immense signal and it didn't help with the interference across the remaining band.

That will have no effect. It is not prior to the preamp or ADC. Remember, this is co-channel interference, i.e. in-band interference. There is no preselection (bandpass) filter that is protecting you on any ham radio, including the 8000, because you are both on the same band. Thus the preamp and ADC (or, if this were an analog radio, the first preamp, if any, and the first mixer stage) are getting hammered and nothing the radio does after the front end will matter.

You could try to build a very sharp, very narrowband RF notch filter at the freq. he normally operates on, but such filters are very hard to realize in practice.

Also, it would not be surprising if you are suffering receiver performance degradation on other bands. The preselection filters on all Apache designs are only third order, not seventh order like you find on many "contesting" radios. Those third order bandpass filters don't do a lot to protect the preamp and ADC from anything DC to 60MHz.
cys
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Re: high power amateur station down the road wiping out 40m band

Postby cys » Wed Apr 23, 2025 10:06 pm

w-u-2-o wrote: I'm not familiar with that video. Perhaps you could post a link? I suspect whatever Flex is discussing it's not relevant to this problem. Co-channel is co-channel and, if it is bad enough, will cause small signal suppression and non-linearities in nearby receivers.

Here's the video, in particular note 3 min 12 sec into the video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VN3uxuExIng

w-u-2-o wrote:I hope you mean you use these DSP features appropriately, not all at once. NR2, NB2 and SNB are all designed for different kinds of noise, and rarely, very rarely, is it the case that more than one of those processing modes is necessary at any one time.

There's no question that my conditions benefit from NR2 and NB2 just about all the time. It's easy to do the experiment, and I regularly try turning them on and off to make sure I hear a benefit.

w-u-2-o wrote:Since you are a low-SNR signal hunter, if band conditions permit, you can obtain a couple of more dB of performance by disabling dither and random features of the ADC (it's in the settings). However, that is absolutely the last thing you should do if there are other large signals on the band. Receiver IIP3 is substantially improved with dither and random both activated. That is why it is the default setting.

Thanks for that tip. There aren't normally large signals on the band. When the station in question starts up my time on the band is over.

w-u-2-o wrote:Yes, that's not a well-behaved, easy-to-model, beamforming array like two verticals would be. All I can say is that if it doesn't allow you to tune a null in that station's direction you may want to try something else.

Roger.

w-u-2-o wrote:This is an impossible scenario for any radio, and the behavior you are observing from your radio (comprised of Thetis and the 8000 hardware) is not at all unreasonable. Switching to another radio will not fix this.

I wasn't suggesting switching to another radio. I was by specifying my hardware and software just to focus on the idea that an SDR might have some artifacts in dealing with a nearby 1.5kW station that an "analog" radio might not have. I just purchased my 8000dle two weeks ago. It's not going anywhere.

w-u-2-o wrote:That's exactly what I'm suggesting. If this gentleman cares about the quality of his signal perhaps he has a station monitor or oscilloscope. It would be easy to show that his amplifier is being driven into saturation. However, as I wrote previously, that can be a hard sell to a lot of folks. They care about their audio quality but not necessarily their RF quality, and if they don't see that needle or LED pointing to 1500 then it's no good. The reality is that you should rarely see the power go much above 1000W, even on a so-called "peak reading" power meter. The 1500W peaks are just too fast to catch without a scope.

I'm just saying it's only worth it to me to approach the other station about cleaning up his signal when I am reasonably sure I will see tangible benefits to how I use 40m once I've exhausted everything I can do on my end. I have several scopes. I'm always looking at my signal and trying to make it better. I would welcome the opportunity to assist a nearby station do the same.

w-u-2-o wrote:I wonder, however, how does his signal look further away? Have you tried monitoring him on a remote, web-SDR? It might be an interesting bit of data. If it looks bad there then it's not just you.

This is on my do list. I regularly record my signal remotely to see how it sounds. I had been wanting to do that for his signal. It went down somewhat on the priority list once I found out how close he is.

Added note: I did try putting a 20kHz notch over his immense signal and it didn't help with the interference across the remaining band.

w-u-2-o wrote:That will have no effect. It is not prior to the preamp or ADC. Remember, this is co-channel interference, i.e. in-band interference. There is no preselection (bandpass) filter that is protecting you on any ham radio, including the 8000, because you are both on the same band. Thus the preamp and ADC (or, if this were an analog radio, the first preamp, if any, and the first mixer stage) are getting hammered and nothing the radio does after the front end will matter.

Yes, I believe you. I did the experiment. However, separately, regarding the ADC, please see minute 3:12 in the Flex video about the ADC overload myth.

w-u-2-o wrote:You could try to build a very sharp, very narrowband RF notch filter at the freq. he normally operates on, but such filters are very hard to realize in practice.

Also, it would not be surprising if you are suffering receiver performance degradation on other bands. The preselection filters on all Apache designs are only third order, not seventh order like you find on many "contesting" radios. Those third order bandpass filters don't do a lot to protect the preamp and ADC from anything DC to 60MHz.

Coming up with a filter is interesting. However, he splatters across the whole band and beyond, so I'm unsure how much it would achieve. I need to look at the signal with remote SDRs. However, if many people saw what I see, people would be talking about it.

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Re: high power amateur station down the road wiping out 40m band

Postby cys » Thu Apr 24, 2025 4:59 am

It's hard to tell from still images what's being done to the band dynamics by the one signal. Accordingly, below is a link to a .mov video file looking at the other side of the signal relative to the images above. In the video the red line furthest to the right is the end of 40m band, about 75kHz away, with massive waves of distortion going well beyond that demarcation.

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/m9bov3q7 ... wqr5c&dl=0

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Re: high power amateur station down the road wiping out 40m band

Postby w-u-2-o » Thu Apr 24, 2025 1:38 pm

I looked at the YT video. That's an oldie but goodie. Gerald is 100% correct. Indeed, I normally run my preselector (bandpass filters) in bypass 100% of the time because I often like to look at two different bands.

The other thing to consider is that, in all of the Hermes-derivative Apache designs, there is an LTC6400 differential amplifier immediately prior to the LTC2208 ADC. The LTC6400 will not start to saturate until the total RF input power level is well above +10dBm. Thus that is not a limiting factor, the ADC will overload first.

You are not seeing an ADC overload condition, if that's what you are thinking. That is real splatter coming from the antenna. I wonder what sort of radio and amplifier that station uses.
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Re: high power amateur station down the road wiping out 40m band

Postby cys » Thu Apr 24, 2025 4:46 pm

w-u-2-o wrote:I wonder what sort of radio and amplifier that station uses.

Assuming I've identified the station correctly, and I have no reason to doubt that, the choices are either a Yaesu 991A into a Tentec Centurion or a Kenwood TS-440S into an Ameritron AL-811H.

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Re: high power amateur station down the road wiping out 40m band

Postby ea3aqr » Thu Apr 24, 2025 5:17 pm

A friend of mine, who is 1km from my QTH, using a new Yaesu 991A with 100w was showing on my panadapter a wide 40 to 60 KHz signal full of splatter.

It seems that this radio has serious transmission filter problems.

EDIT:
Watching the video, it looks like you have the NB On. With strong close signals the NB ON totally destroys the band.
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cys
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Re: high power amateur station down the road wiping out 40m band

Postby cys » Thu Apr 24, 2025 6:49 pm

I definitely have NB on. The video is from a few days back. I saw your comment above about NB, and I'm looking forward to turning it off the next time the interference happens. It can be a daily event, but not always.

Your comment about the Yaesu is interesting and ominous. It would be good to hear of any resolution regarding your friend's Yaesu 991A. I was thinking there might be a filter problem based on how extensive the splatter is.

Thanks, everyone, for your posts and help.

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Re: high power amateur station down the road wiping out 40m band

Postby K1LSB » Thu Apr 24, 2025 6:56 pm

w-u-2-o wrote:Co-channel is co-channel and, if it is bad enough, will cause small signal suppression and non-linearities in nearby receivers.

Scott, please forgive my ignorance but can you please explain what the term "co-channel" means?

TIA,
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Re: high power amateur station down the road wiping out 40m band

Postby w-u-2-o » Fri Apr 25, 2025 1:24 am

Co-channel means "same channel". Another term of art is "adjacent channel".

Of course amateur radio is not channelized in the HF band. However, from the perspective of how our radios work, each ADC represents a single, very wideband, channel.

One might argue that the preselector bandpass filters each represent a channel. In this case it's still co-channel because both signals are within the same bandpass filter.

The effects of co-channel interference, such as small signal suppression and other non-linearities, all occur prior to or within the ADC.
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Re: high power amateur station down the road wiping out 40m band

Postby cys » Sun Apr 27, 2025 6:33 pm

Here's an update. As noted here by ea3aqr and also noted by someone who responded to a thread on this subject I created elsewhere, the use of noise blanker (NB, NB2) with very strong signals leads to artifacts that wipe out the band. The very strong, dirty signal still remains after turning off noise blanker, but at least the entire band is not trashed. The dirty signal emanates from an LSB transmission at "7.225." It's a rag chew. An updated video is linked below. The very strong signal at "7.225" (there are a couple at lower frequency too, but not nearly as bad) is featured at the start of the video with noise blanker off. After a few seconds I click through NB and then NB2 to show the effect. At the 23 second mark the very strong signal at "7.225" ceases, and then a new, weaker, dirty signal comes in at the 27 second mark from someone else. I do adjust the attenuation in practice in my use of the radio, despite the fact that ATT is showing 0 dB in the video. The general lack of responsiveness of the spectrum display in the previous video was not due to averaging, but was due to the use of the default FFT algorithm.

Chris, NU6C

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/92v9ssdr ... 05k1z&dl=0



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